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Aims: The study aimed to assess the post-operative presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from six weeks and above post-surgery, of patients operated for age-related cataract with biometry-calculated IOL power and available IOL power implantation, in two hospitals in Jos, Nigeria.Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional survey.Place and Duration of Study: Eye units of two mission Hospitals in Jos namely; Bingham University Teaching Hospital and the Faith Alive foundation Hospital, between June and August 2021.Methodology: Patients aged 40 years and above, who had undergone surgery for age-related cataract in the preceding 18 months in two hospitals in Jos and were six weeks or more post-surgery were consecutively enrolled into the study, after obtaining informed consent. Socio-demographic data and surgical history were obtained from patients and their surgical records. The PVA and BCVA were assessed and categorized based on World Health Organization guidelines. Results: A total of 87 patients were examined within the study period. Post-operative PVA was good (?6/18) in 32 (36.8%), borderline (<6/18-6/60) in 41 (47.1%) and poor (<6/60) in 14 (16.1%) participants. After refraction, the proportion of good outcomes increased to 78.2% with only 8.1% of outcomes remaining poor. Biometry-calculated IOL power and available IOL power use did not significantly influence visual outcome (P=.645 and P=.146 for PVA and BCVA respectively).Conclusion: Majority of participants had post-operative PVA in the borderline category with residual uncorrected refractive error as the principal cause. Regardless of the IOL power implanted, surgery for age-related cataract enhanced patients’ vision. This study has shown that the presence of biometry is a guarantee of refractive success. Hence, refractive outcome audits are essential.
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Purpose: To study the epidemiological pattern, prevalence, types, and correlates of age?related cataracts in a tertiary care center in central India. Methods: This hospital?based single?center cross?sectional study was conducted on 2,621 patients diagnosed with cataracts for 3 years. Data pertaining to demography, socio?economic profile, cataract grading, cataract types, and associated risk factors were evaluated. Statistical analysis using unadjusted odds ratio (OR) and multivariate logistic regression was performed, with P-value <0.05 considered significant with the power of the study being 95%. Results: The commonest age group affected was 60–79 years, closely followed by the 40–59 years age group. The prevalence of nuclear sclerosis (NS), cortical (CC), and posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) was found to be 65.2% (3,418), 24.6% (1,289), and 43.4% (2,276), respectively. Among mixed cataracts, (NS + PSC) had the highest prevalence of 39.8%. Smokers were found to have 1.17 times higher odds of developing NS than non?smokers. Diabetics had 1.12 times higher odds of developing NS cataracts and 1.04 times higher odds of developing CC. Patients with hypertension showed 1.27 times higher odds of developing NS and 1.32 times higher odds of developing CC. Conclusion: The prevalence of cataracts in the pre?senile age group (<60 years) was found to have increased significantly (35.7%). A higher prevalence of PSC (43.4%) was found in studied subjects, as compared to the data of previous studies. Smoking, diabetes, and hypertension were found to have a positive association with a higher prevalence of cataracts.
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AIM:To compare the curative effect of different surgical methods combined with Toric intraocular lens(IOL)implantation on age-related hard nuclear cataract.METHODS:According to retrospective study, 104 patients(104 eyes)with age-related hard nuclear cataract confirmed in the hospital between January 2020 and December 2021 were enrolled. They were divided into phacoemulsification group(52 eyes, phacoemulsification combined with Toric IOL implantation)and small-incision group(52 eyes, small-incision split nuclear technique in horizontal space combined with Toric IOL implantation)according to different surgical methods. The best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), corneal astigmatism, number of corneal endothelial cells, proportion of normal hexagonal cells, tear film function and complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in BCDVA(LogMAR)between the two groups before and at 3mo after surgery(all P>0.05), while BCDVA(LogMAR)was better in small-incision group than phacoemulsification group at 1wk after surgery(0.15±0.04 vs. 0.20±0.05, P<0.001). The corneal astigmatism of the patients in both groups was lower at 1wk and 3mo after surgery than that before surgery, and it was lower at 3mo than 1wk after surgery(all P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in corneal astigmatism between the two groups before and after surgery(all P>0.05). At 1wk and 3mo after surgery, number of corneal endothelial cells in small-incision group was more than that in phacoemulsification group(1wk after surgery: 2363.8±315.3 vs. 2231.4±326.4 cells/mm2, P<0.05; 3mo after surgery: 2414.6±245.7 vs. 2322.9±221.0 cells/mm2, P<0.05). Before and at 1wk after surgery, there was no significant difference in the proportion of normal hexagonal cells between the two groups(all P>0.05). At 3mo after surgery, proportion of normal hexagonal cells in small-incision group was higher than that in phacoemulsification group(21.77%±1.91% vs. 20.59%±1.65%, P<0.001). Before and at 3mo after surgery, there was no difference in break up time(BUT)or ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score between the two groups(P>0.05). At 1wk after surgery, BUT in small-incision group was longer than that in phacoemulsification group(6.8±0.8 vs. 5.9±1.0s, P<0.001)and OSDI score was lower than that in phacoemulsification group(17.62±5.47 vs. 20.34±6.18 points, P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in small-incision group was lower than that in phacoemulsification group(3.9% vs. 17.3%, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Small-incision split nuclear technique in horizontal space combined with Toric IOL implantation can significantly improve visual acuity and astigmatism in patients with age-related cataract, with slight damage to corneal endothelium and tear film function.
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Age-related eye diseases are a series of ophthalmic diseases caused by degenerative disease of ocular tissues, and age-related macular degeneration(ARMD), age-related cataract(ARC), diabetic retinopathy(DR)and glaucoma are the four most common age-related eye diseases. With the increasing aging of the global social population, the incidence of these eye diseases is also increasing year by year. Metformin is currently one of the most commonly used hypoglycemic agents in clinical practice. It has become the drug of choice for treating type 2 diabetes after more than 60 years of clinical practice. In recent years, metformin has shown great potential in the prevention and treatment of tumors, systemic diseases and age-related diseases, and the mechanisms of action involved in anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, and induction of autophagy are also closely related to the pathological changes of age-related eye diseases. The paper aims to review the current research status and potential application value of metformin in age-related eye diseases.
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AIM: To investigate the effects of small incision extracapsular excision and phacoemulsification on the number of corneal endothelial cells, macular thickness and surgically induced corneal astigmatism in cataract patients.METHODS: Retrospective research. A total of 296 age-related cataract patients(296 eyes)admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to February 2023 were selected. They were divided into a small incision extracapsular excision group(144 eyes)and a phacoemulsification group(152 eyes)according to surgical method. The uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, numbers of corneal endothelial cells, macular thickness, surgically induced corneal astigmatism and postoperative complications between the two groups of patients at 7d, 1 and 3mo after surgery were compared.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity of patients in the small incision extracapsular excision group after 7d of surgery were better than those of the phacoemulsification group, the number of corneal endothelial cells after 7d and 1, 3mo of surgery were higher than that of the phacoemulsification group, the macular thickness after 7d and 1mo of surgery was lower than that of the phacoemulsification group, and the incidence rate of postoperative corneal edema and incidence rate of total complications were lower than those of the phacoemulsification group(all P<0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistical significance in the values of surgically induced corneal astigmatism after 1, 7d and 1, 3mo of surgery compared with phacoemulsification group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared with phacoemulsification, the changes in the number of corneal endothelial cells and thickness of the macular area after small incision extracapsular excision are relatively small, visual recovery is faster, and the complications reduced.
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AIM: To investigate the changes of protein expressions in human lens epithelial cells(SRA01/04)undergoing oxidative damage, hoping to provide new protein target for the pathogenesis of age-related cataract(ARC).METHODS: SRA01/04 cells were divided into experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, cells were irradiated with ultraviolet-B(UVB)for 10min to establish the model of oxidative damage, whereas cells in the control group were untreated. Protein expression profile from the two groups was sequenced by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ). The filtering criteria that fold change &#x003E;1.2 and p&#x003C;0.05 was used to determine the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs). Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)database were utilized for functional enrichment analysis of the top 50 DEPs with either up-regulated or down-regulated significance. Furthermore, Pathway commons software was used to establish the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.RESULTS: Overall, 552 DEPs were screened out. A total of 176 DEPs were up-regulated in the experimental group compared with the control group, including HMGB1 and USP1, while 376 DEPs were down-regulated, including POLR2A and POLR2B. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the top 50 DEPs with up-regulated or down-regulated significance were involved in various crucial biological processes and signaling pathways. PPI network revealed that oxidative damage repair(ODR)-related proteins might play a key role in UVB-induced oxidative damage.CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of multiple proteins, especially ODR-related proteins, can be altered in SRA01/04 cells via UVB irradiation. These findings may provide cellular-related insights into the pathogenesis of ARC and into proteins or pathways associated with therapeutic targets.
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@#AIM: To observe the changes of visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP)and anterior chamber structure after phacoemulsification intraocular lens(IOL)implantation and goniosynechialysis in acute angle-closure glaucoma with cataract.<p>METHODS: A prospective study. Totally 80 eyes with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma(APACG)and cataract were selected in our hospital from August 2019 to February 2021. All study underwent phacoemulsification IOL implantation and goniosynechialysis. Visual acuity, IOP, anterior chamber distance(ACD), trabecular iris angle(TIA)and angle opening distance(AOD500)were measured before and 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo after surgery. Four quadrant angle classifications of upper, lower, nasal and temporal were determined by Scheie classification method and the measured values were statistically analyzed.<p>RESULTS: The postoperative corrected visual acuity in 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo were improved than preoperative, there were no statistically significant differences between each postoperative period(<i>P</i>>0.05). The IOP in postoperative 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo were reduced than preoperative, there were not significantly different between each postoperative period(<i>P</i>>0.05). The ACD in postoperative 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo were deepen than preoperative, there were not significantly different between each postoperative period(<i>P</i>>0.05). The TIA in postoperative 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo were widened than preoperative, there were not significantly different between each postoperative period(<i>P</i>>0.05). The AOD500 in postoperative 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo were increased than preoperative, there were not significantly different between each postoperative period(<i>P</i>>0.05). The depth of anterior chamber angle in four quadrants were deepened combined with the depth in postoperative 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification IOL implantation and goniosynechialysis in the treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma with cataract can significantly improve visual acuity, increase the depth of central anterior chamber, open angle, reduce IOP. It is an effective and stable surgical method.
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Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, which do not have the function of coding proteins.Widely involved in the progress of various human diseases, lncRNA has become a new research hotspot and the regulatory role of it has been paid more and more attention.Studies in recent years found that lncRNA is abnormally expressed in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and age-related cataract (ARC) compared with healthy individuals.LncRNA ZNF503-AS1, BANCR and MEG3 can play important roles in regulating function of retinal pigment epithelial cell, which can lead to the development of AMD.LncRNA MIAT, TUG1 and H19 can have important regulatory effects through competitive binding with microRNAs, thus affecting the occurrence and development of ARC.This article reviewed the research progress of lncRNA in the AMD and ARC related field, revealed the role of different lncRNAs in the diseases, provided a new perspective for elucidating the mechanism of the diseases and found a new biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases.
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@#AIM: To analyze the influence of trifocal lens(AT LISA tri 839MP), Lenstec SBL-3 intraocular lens(IOL)and T SPHERIS 209M monofocal IOL implantation on vision and visual quality of patients with age-related cataract(ARC). <p>METHODS: Totally 114 patients(114 eyes)with ARC undergoing elective surgical treatment in the hospital between October 2018 and April 2019 were enrolled in the prospective clinical study. They were divided into LISA tri group, SBL group and monofocal group with 38 cases(38 eyes)in each group. They were treated with trifocal IOL(AT LISA tri 839MP), Lenstec SBL-3 IOL and CT SPHERIS 209M monofocal IOL, respectively. The corneal endothelium, vision and visual quality before operation and 3mo after operation were compared. <p>RESULTS:Three months after operation, no significant changes in corneal endothelial cell density(ECD), central corneal thickness(CCT)and the proportion of hexagonal cells in the three groups compared with preoperation(<i>P</i>>0.05), while the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UCIVA)and uncorrected near visual acuity(UCNVA)were significantly improved(<i>P</i><0.001). UCDVA, UCIVA and UCNVA of LISA tri group were(0.11±0.03)LogMAR,(0.17±0.05)and(0.09±0.02), which of SBL group were(0.12±0.02, 0.19±0.05, 0.08±0.02), all significantly better than(0.21±0.04, 0.24±0.07, 0.15±0.03)in monofocal group(<i>P</i><0.05). 3mo after operation, the near off-glasses rate and visual satisfaction in LISA tri group were 92% and 97%, which in SBL group were 95% and 92%, all significantly higher than 66% and 68% in monofocal group(<i>P</i><0.017). Compared with preoperation, the visual function and quality of life(VF-QOL)scores of the three groups significantly increased(<i>P</i><0.001), which were significantly higher in LISA tri group and SBL group than in monofocal group(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: Trifocal IOL(AT LISA tri-839MP)and Lenstec SBL-3 multifocal IOL implantation is superior to monofocal IOL in the treatment of patients with ARC, which can effectively improve vision and visual quality.
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@#AIM: To investigate the curative effect of microincision phacoemulsification and ultra-thin artificial lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy in the treatment of age-related cataract complicated with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG). <p>METHODS: Totally 85 elderly cataract patients(85 eyes)with acute PACG admitted between January 2017 and July 2020 were enrolled. According to the operation method, they were divided into study group(46 cases, 46 eyes)and control group(39 cases, 39 eyes). The control group was treated with 1.8mm microincision phacoemulsification and ultra-thin artificial lens implantation, while the study group was treated with trabeculectomy on the basis of the treatment of control group. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, anterior chamber angle width classification, corneal endothelial cell count and surgical complications of the two groups were compared. <p>RESULTS: Compared with the same group before operation, the BCVA(LogMAR)of the two groups was significantly reduced at 1, 3 and 6mo after operation(all <i>P</i><0.05), and the study group had lower LogMAR BCVA than the control group(all <i>P</i><0.05). At 1, 3 and 6mo after operation, intraocular pressure of the two groups was significantly reduced(<i>P</i><0.05), and the study group had lower intraocular pressure than the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). Meanwhile, the proportion of anterior chamber angle width grade NⅠwas increased, and the proportion of grade N Ⅳ was reduced in the two groups(<i>P</i><0.05). The proportion of grade NⅠwas higher in the study group than in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of corneal endothelial cell count(<i>P</i>>0.05)and the incidence of complications(28% <i>vs</i> 26%; <i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: For patients with senile cataract complicated with acute PACG, trabeculectomy based on microincision phacoemulsification and ultra-thin artificial lens implantation can significantly lower intraocular pressure, relieve glaucoma, and reduce visual impairment, with little damage to corneal endothelial cells and few complications. Besides, the clinical effect is marked.
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@#AIM: To observe the early visual quality of the tri-focal and the mono-focal intraocular lens(IOLs)implantation in patients with age-related cataract, under comparison and analysis.<p>METHODS: A retrospective research design. Totally 168 eyes of 119 age-related cataract patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification combined with tri-focal and mono-focal IOLs implantation surgery in the cataract department from June 2018 to January 2021 were enrolled. In tri-focal and mono-focal group, 61 eyes of 44 cases and 107 eyes of 75 cases. One month after phacoemulsification combined with IOLs implantation, visual acuity, visual quality and contrast sensitivity were inspected. All data were under statistical analysis.<p>RESULTS: On LogMAR uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA), best corrected distance visual acuity(BDVA), distance corrected intermediate visual acuity(DIVA), distance corrected near visual acuity(DNVA), tri-focal group were extremely better than mono-focal group(all <i>P</i><0.001). In terms of visual quality, the scores of modulation transfer function(MTF)cut-off frequency, optical scatter index(OSI), Strehl ratio(SR), tri-focal group were significantly higher than mono-focal group(all <i>P</i><0.05). On 18 cycle/degree(cpd)spatial frequency under dark and light adaptation conditions, contrast sensitivity scores of the mono-focal group was significantly better than those of the tri-focal group(<i>P</i><0.001). Based on the questionnaire with the VF/QOF scale, the daily life experience scores and off-glass index, the tri-focal group was significantly better than that of the mono-focal group(<i>P</i><0.05), and incidence of glare was no significant difference between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Tri-focal IOLs can provide a full range of relatively better vision and visual quality in patients after age-related cataract phacoemulsification combined with IOLs implantation, and perform well under different conditions.
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@#AIM: To compare the differences of corneal curvature and astigmatism measured by Pentacam, IOL Master and iTrace of cataract patients.<p>METHODS:In this prospective clinical trial,68 cataract patients(82 eyes)received treatment at the ophthalmology department of our hospital. In the treatment process, used the IOL Master, Pentacam and iTrace to measure the patient's corneal curvature(K1, K2, Km)and astigmatism(J0, J45). The difference, correlation and consistence among three instruments were analysed. <p>RESULTS: Differences analysis showed that in the measurement of K1, K2, Km, there was no difference among Pentacam, IOL Master and iTrace(<i>P</i>>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that K1, K2, Km were highly correlated among three instruments(|<i>r</i>|>0.5, <i>P</i><0.01). J0, J45 were moderately correlated between IOL Master and Pentacam, so as IOL Master and iTrace(0.3<|<i>r</i>|<0.5, <i>P</i><0.01). J0, J45 were weakly correlated between Pentacam and iTrace(0.1<|<i>r</i>|<0.3, <i>P</i><0.05). The Bland-Altman showed that the corneal curvature and astigmatism vectors examined by these three devices had non-comparable results.<p>CONCLUSION: K1, K2, Km, J0, J45 were correlated among the three devices, but the three devices all cannot directly interchanged, targeted selection is required for the measuring the corneal curvature and astigmatism by these three different instruments in the actual clinical process.
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@#AIM:To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of Lanosterol synthase(LSS)and 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase(HMGCR)genes and age-related cataract(ARC)risks. <p>METHODS: This was a case-control study. The SNPs of the genes were assayed with TaqMan RT-PCR genotyping. The qRT-PCR was used to detect the <i>LSS</i> mRNA levels of lens epithelial cells(LECs)in individuals. The Chi-square test was used to compare differences of each SNPs between ARCs and controls and to calculate the odds ratio. <p>RESULTS: We found that <i>LSS</i>-rs2968 of ARCs was different from controls(<i>P</i>=0.018), but the significance was lost after Bonferroni correction(<i>P</i>=0.072). We then further performed stratification analysis and found that <i>LSS</i>-rs2968 A allele was associated with nuclear type of ARC risk in Chinese population(<i>P</i>=0.003), and the significances still existed after Bonferroni correction(<i>P</i>=0.012). Consequently, we found that the <i>LSS</i> mRNA levels was lower in LECs of all subtypes of ARC group than that of control group(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: <i>LSS</i>-rs2968 A allele might plays a role in the formation and development of nuclear type of ARC risk in Jiangsu population.
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@#AIM: To compare the measurement results of anterior chamber depth(ACD)by Pentacam, IOL Master and Contact Ultrasonic A-scan, and analyze the difference, correlation, consistency and influencing factors of the three measurement methods.<p>METHODS: In this study of 307 eyes of 250 cataract patients with preoperative, ACD estimation was done by Pentacam, IOL Master and Contact Ultrasonic A-scan. The independent sample <i>t</i>-test, Analysis of Variance(ANOVA), Pearson's correlation test and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the results.<p>RESULTS: The mean of ACD measured by Pentacam(ACDp), IOL Master(ACDi)and A-scan(ACDa)were 2.42±0.45mm, 2.96±0.43mm, 2.58±0.36mm, the difference was statistically significant(<i>F</i>=136.694, <i>P</i><0.05). The three methods were sequentially compared in pairs, and the differences within the groups were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). Pearson's correlation test was performed on the three methods in pairs, and there was a linear positive correlation within each group. When the ACDp and the central corneal thickness(CCT)were added, the sum(ACDp2)was no statistically significant compared with the ACDi(<i>P</i>=0.93). When the ACDp was less than 1.85mm(ACDi was about 2.40mm), the ACDa increases significantly and the fluctuation increases. Among the many possible influencing factors, axial length, lens thickness and age have the highest relative importance for ACD measurement.ACD was positively correlated with axial length(<i>r</i>Pentacam=0.602, <i>r</i>IOL Master=0.603, <i>r</i>A-scan=0.483), and negatively correlated with the lens thickness(<i>r</i>Pentacam= -0.382, <i>r</i>IOL Master= -0.350, <i>r</i>A-scan= -0.582), negatively correlated with age(<i>r</i>Pentacam= -0.328, <i>r</i>IOL Master= -0.414, <i>r</i>A-scan= -0.265). Three factors were included in the multiple linear regression model, and the age factor of Contact Ultrasonic A-scan was eliminated due to the low influence weight.<p>CONCLUSION: ACDp2 and ACDi may be closer to the true value of the anterior chamber depth. The Contact Ultrasonic A-scan may increase the measurement error when measuring shallow anterior chamber. Axial length, lens thickness and age have the greatest influence on ACD measurement, which are the influencing factors of Pentacam and IOL Master, but age is not the influencing factor of Contact Ultrasonic A-scan.
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@#AIM: To study the effects of phacoemulsification(Phaco)combined with different types of intraocular lens implantation(IOL)on age-related cataract. <p>METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 105 elderly patients with age-related cataract who were treated with surgery in our hospital, and they were divided into group A(35 cases, 51 affected eyes), group B(35 cases, 49 affected eyes)and group C(35 cases, 52 affected eyes). All subjects were treated by IOL+Phaco, and types of IOL in the three groups were three-piece and single-piece Natural and Rayner. The preoperative and postoperative biological measurement indexes and postoperative complications were compared among the three groups. <p>RESULTS: At 3mo after surgery, the intraocular pressure(IOP)in three groups was significantly decreased(<i>P</i><0.05)while the angle opening distance(AOD500), trabecular iris angle(TIA500), central anterior chamber depth(ACD), trabecular-ciliary processes distance(TCPD), each quadrant angle, uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)were significantly increased(<i>P</i><0.05). The ACD and TIA500 in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B and C(<i>P</i><0.05),and there were no significant differences in the uncorrected visual acuity, BCVA and other biological measurement indexes among the three groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). There were significant differences in vertical shift and horizontal shift of intraocular lens among the three groups at 1mo and 3mo after surgery(<i>P</i><0.05), and the vertical shift and horizontal shift of intraocular lens at 1mo and 3mo after surgery in group A were lower than those in groups B and C(<i>P</i><0.05), and there were no significant differences in vertical shift and horizontal shift between group B and group C(<i>P</i>>0.05).The incidence rate of posterior capsule wrinkle in group A after surgery was obviously higher than that in group B and group C(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The intraocular stability and safety of Phaco+single-piece IOL are better than those of Phaco+ three-piece IOL, but Phaco+ three-piece IOL has deeper ACD after surgery and can prevent the forward shift of IOL, and they have their own advantages and disadvantages.
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@#Age-related cataract is a blinding eye disease that affects vision due to opacity of intraocular lens, ranking first in the world. Under oxidative stress, the activation of apoptosis related signal transduction pathways in lens epithelial cells is the main mechanism mediating age-related cataract. There are many related signaling pathways for apoptosis, and it is a complex network system. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize different apoptotic cell signal transduction pathways that mediate age-related cataract, laying the foundation for further researching.
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@#AIM: To explore the characteristics of refractive changes in patients with age-related cataract and shallow anterior chamber after phacoemulsification.<p>METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted. 96 patients(112 affected eyes)with age-related cataract who were admitted to the hospital between March 2018 and June 2019 were divided into the shallow anterior chamber group(ACD≤2.20mm, 52 patients with 62 affected eyes)and the control group(ACD between 2.21 and 2.90 mm, 44 cases with 50 affected eyes)according to the anterior chamber depth(ACD). All subjects were treated with phacoemulsification. The diopter, ACD and anterior chamber volume(ACV)were measured before surgery, at 1d and 3mo after surgery. Pearson linear correlation analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between the refractive status and anterior chamber parameters in patients with age-related cataract and shallow anterior chamber after phacoemulsification.<p>RESULTS: The diopter error in the shallow anterior chamber group was higher than that in the control group at 3mo after surgery(<i>P</i><0.001). The variations of ACD and ACV in the shallow anterior chamber group before surgery, at 1d and 3mo after surgery were higher than those in the control group(<i>P</i><0.001). In the control group, there was no obvious correlation between the diopter error at 1d, 3mo after surgery and preoperative ACD, preoperative ACV, variations of ACD or ACV at different time after surgery(<i>P</i>>0.05). In the shallow anterior chamber group, the diopter error at 3mo after surgery was negatively correlated with preoperative ACD(<i>P</i><0.05). The diopter error of at 3mo after surgery was positively correlated with variations of ACD at 1d and 3mo after surgery(<i>P</i><0.05), but there was no obvious correlation with variations of ACV(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: There is hyperopic shift in patients with age-related cataract and shallow anterior chamber after phacoemulsification. The degree of hyperopic shift is negatively correlated with preoperative ACD and positively correlated with postoperative ACD, namely, the smaller the preoperative ACD, the larger the postoperative ACD, the severer hyperopic shift.
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@#AIM: To explore whether there is an inflammatory response in the contralateral eye after cataract surgery in the first eye, and try to explore the development of the inflammatory response.<p>METHODS: In this paired-sample study, aqueous humor samples from 37 bilateral age-related cataract patients were collected just before each cataract surgery. Samples collected during the first-eye cataract surgery were marked as Group A, samples collected during the second-eye cataract surgery were marked as Group B. In addition, the samples were classified into five groups according to different operation intervals between the first and the second cataract surgery. Finally the concentration of 13 selected cytokines(including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1, IL-6 Rα, IL-1 ra, MIP-1α, MIP-1d, CCL4, IL-2, CXCL9, TIMP-1, CCL11)in aqueous humor samples was detected by Luminex-200(RnD)simultaneously in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.<p>RESULTS: Among the 13 selected cytokines, there was statistically difference between the first and the second eyes in concentration of IL-6, MIP-1α, CCL2/MCP-1, TNF-α, MIP-1d, IL-2 and TIMP-1(<i>P</i><0.05), and the expression levels of all these seven cytokines in the second eyes were higher than those in the first eyes, and the concentration of IL-6 and MIP-1α in the second eyes was significantly higher than that in the first eyes(<i>P</i><0.001). Compared with the first eyes, the concentration of CCL4, CCL11, IL-6Rα, CXCL9, and IL-1ra in the second eyes only showed slightly increase, while IL-8 showed a slight decrease, all with no statistically difference(all <i>P</i>>0.05). The concentration differences of IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2, IL-2, MIP-1d between the first eyes and the second eyes were most obvious at the third week after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation(PHACO+IOL)in the first eye.<p>CONCLUSION: This study revealed that there may be an inflammatory response in the contralateral eye after cataract surgery in the first eye, and the inflammatory response in the second eye appears to be most significant at the third week after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation(PHACO+IOL)in the first eye.
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@#AIM: To investigate the correlation between the concentrations of interleukin-23(IL-23)and interleukin-17(IL-17)in the ocular aqueous humor(AH)at the different degrees of diabetic retinopathy(DR)patients. <p>METHODS: From June 2016 to June 2019, 70 patients(70 eyes)for age related cataract surgery were enrolled in Hubei Yichang Central People's Hospital. All cases were graded into 4 groups, includingⅠ group(20 cases): the control group(patients without diabetes), Ⅱ group(18 cases): diabetic patients without retinopathy, Ⅲ group(17 cases): diabetic patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Ⅳ group(15 cases): diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The levels of IL-23 and IL-17 in AH of the four groups were tested by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and statistically analyzed by ANOVA respectively. The correlations between IL-17 and IL-23 were calculated by Person correction analysis.<p>RESULTS: The concentration of IL-23 in Ⅰgroup was low(22.18±5.48pg/mL),while those in Ⅱ(37.63±4.52pg/mL), Ⅲ(45.06±4.64pg/mL), Ⅳ(68.89±6.11pg/mL)groups respectively were higher. The IL-17 level inⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ groups were 4.69±2.03, 6.83±1.02, 9.52±1.30, 10.89±1.26pg/mL respectively. Comparison of IL-23 and IL-17 within four groups revealed: both were increased in Ⅱ group initially, and raised along with the progression of DR. According to the correlation analysis, the expression level of IL-17 of DM was typical positively correlated with IL-23.<p>CONCLUSION:The over-expression of IL-23 and IL-17 may have a synergistic effect on the occurrence and development, and the IL-23/IL-17 pathway might be associated with the severity of DR by aggravating the inflammatory response of retina. These results indicated that IL-23-IL-17 axis could be a new target for the early diagnosis and treatment of DR.
ABSTRACT
@#AIM: To describe microRNAs(miRNAs)expression pattern in infant and cataract human lens, analyzing the possible difference to assess their function in transparent human lens and cataract formation. <p>METHODS: The different ages of miRNAs in lens were extracted and samples were divided into four groups: infant lens group(lens from non-ophthalmopathy infant), congenital cataract group(lens from cataract infant), young and middle-aged group(lens from young cataract patients)and senile group(lens from age-related cataract patients). The expression of the 10 miRNAs was detected in the four groups using stem-loop RT-PCR respectively.<p>RESULTS: In normal infant's lens, the expression of miR-184 was the highest. Compared with the normal infant's lens tissue, the miR-184 and miR-182 in congenital cataract patients increased, the miR-124 and miR-204 decreased. Compared with the children's lens with cataract, the expression of miR-204, 124 and let-7d in young and middle-aged cataract patients increased, while the expression of miR-184, 183 and let-7a decreased. In the lens of senile cataract patients, all of the 10 miRNAs changed. The expression of miR-182, 204, 124 increased, while miR-184, 181b, 183, 125b, let-7a/b/d decreased.<p>CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in the expression of miRNA in the lens of children and cataract patients of different ages. Some miRNAs are related to the normal morphology, function and certain pathological conditions of the lens. This study provided a theoretical basis of further study on the role of miRNAs in maintaining the normal function of the young children's lens and the formation of cataracts at different ages.